Author name: Jessica Liu

I am interested in learning more about the battery management systems for different applications. I have heard that the BMS for energy storage system are more difficult and complex than the BMS for vehicle batteries. Can you please explain why this is the case and what are the main differences between energy storage BMS and vehicle battery BMS?

I want to use the coulomb counting method to estimate the SOC of a lithium ion battery during charging and discharging. However, I am not sure how to do it accurately in different situations. Can you please explain to me:

• How to measure the energy input and output of the battery using voltage and current readings?

• How to calculate the charging efficiency of the battery over a complete charging cycle?

• How to estimate the initial SOC of the battery when it is disconnected and no current is flowing?

• What are the limitations of using the open circuit voltage (OCV) method to estimate the initial SOC of the battery?

• What are some other methods that can estimate the initial SOC of the battery in a no-load condition?

I am exploring ways to optimize the SOPs (state of power) for the lithium-ion batteries in its solar energy storage system. What specific strategies should I consider implementing to improve battery lifespan, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness? Please provide potential solutions related to charge management, load management, temperature control, health monitoring, charging/discharging optimizations, and energy management that could be applicable.

With the expanding adoption of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs), accurately estimating state of power (SOP) online is critical for real-time battery management to ensure safe and efficient EV operation. However, existing online SOP estimation methods have limitations in terms of model accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness to varying conditions. So I have some questions:
1. What are the limitations of existing online state of power (SOP) estimation methods for lithium-ion batteries？
2. How can these methods be improved, particularly in terms of the model structure, parameter identification techniques, and SOP estimation algorithms employed?

Could you briefly explain the key differences between state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) as metrics for assessing battery performance? What specifically does SoC tell us versus what does SoH indicate about a battery? How do the methods of determining SoC and calculating SoH differ? Why can a high SoC battery still have a low SoH? Please summarize the key parameters that distinguish SoC as an instant measure of charge versus SoH as an indicator of long-term battery durability.

What are the advantages and limitations of using State of Charge and State of Energy? Does one give a more accurate picture of overall battery system health and remaining usable capacity? Or do they serve complementary roles and provide different types of information?